Contents hide. I live in Colorado Springs and it grows everywhere there is a neglected arealike my back yard! 750 g Common Mallow leaves (mallow leaves). Around the world, marshmallow root is used to treat illnesses and disorders, including: dry coughs and colds. View abstract. I have not yet used it in salves but it supposed to be fabulous so that is definitely in the works. Anybody know where I can buy some? Common mallow (malva neglecta) is also known as button weed, cheese mallow, cheese weed, round dock, cheeses, and malice; or dwarf, garden, low, round-leaved, and running mallow. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Malva neglecta is native to Europe, but is now found all over the world, including most of the United States. Anti-inflammatory components of mallow are effective in treating a variety of skin problems. Leaves are 1.5 inches (4 cm) across. The utilization of medicinal plants and their derivatives in treating illnesses is more appropriately recognized as herbal remedy than traditional medicine. joint pain caused by swelling. People use the flower and leaf to make medicine. This post may contain affiliate links which wont change your price but will share some commission. Before adding this powerful herb to your health regimen, check with your doctor regarding any other medications you may currently be using. Mallow consists of polysaccharides with antiviral and antiseptic properties that help treat respiratory disorders and a chronic dry cough. Jute mallow is an important African Leafy Vegetable, grown in western Kenya. This is believed to be a result of the presence of compounds with antibacterial properties. Malva also provides relief when recovering from urinary tract infections. Heat oil in a deep pan, fry nadir and keep in a bowl. Dried leaves can be used for tea. The active ingredients within Mallow root that make it an effective mucilage and medicinal supplement include flavonoid antioxidants; certain amino acids, various antiviral, antibacterial and anti-mucilaginous compounds. The flower colors can range from white to pink to shades of lavender and blue. Since this is high desert and donkeys are desert animals I trusted their instincts. Take both the chicken and the veggies off the heat, arrange on a plate and eat away! When grown on nitrogen rich soils, the plant tends to concentrate high levels of nitrates in its leaves. Common Mallow Scientific Name: Malva neglecta Weed Family: Malvaceae Description Common mallow ranges from a winter annual to a perennial depending on the location. There have been rare instances when certain rice noodle brands may contain gluten. Mallow is best known for its capacity to reduce inflammation in the body and help treat common afflictions such as gastritis, sore throat, rashes, ulcerations and toothaches. Moreover, mallow seeds contain mucilaginous substances which cover the inflamed tissue, forming a protective layer which allows the tissue to recover. This plant contains a number of active ingredients that impact human health, so lets take a closer look at the many health benefits of Malva sylvestris. 4 pieces chicken breast (about 500 grams), 170 grams of mallow leaves (about 3 cups). (1), Common Mallow can also boost the immune system by preventing bacterial infections and other foreign agents to affect those wounded areas. bronchitis and tonsillitis. tall, but tend to be very heavy and sprawl along the ground. Powerful Health Benefits of Common Mallow - America Medical Plant He co-founded the literary journal, Sheriff Nottingham, and now serves as the Content Director for Staind Arts, a non-profit based in Denver, Colorado. Lipids Health Dis. This substance also helps to reduce gastric acidity which causes stomach discomfort. Efficacy and safety of the syrup "KalobaTUSS" as a treatment for cough in children: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. It grows in disturbed and neglected areas such as gardens, nursery pots, landscapes and lawn edges, barnyards, road sides, railroad tracks, and vacant lots. Malva - Wikipedia Common Mallow | University of Maryland Extension - UMD I have a lot in my back yard! Known as common mallow to English-speaking Europeans, it acquired the common names of cheeses, high mallow and tall mallow (mauve des bois by the French) as it migrated from its native home in Western Europe, North Africa and Asia through the English . -While thecommunityrecommendstheintakeis5 grams ofplantsthat are dry or freshfor eachday. erecta (C.Presl) Slavik. Each leaf is 24 centimeters (0.791.57 in) long, 25 centimeters (0.791.97 in) wide and 510 centimeters (2.03.9 in) in diameter. 2020 Oct 23. doi: 10.2174/1871530320666201023125411. With the nutritional content, thisplantisbelievedto be able tocuremild to chronicdiseasessuch asasthma,stomach, kidney inflammation, gallstones, andheadaches, as well as astringent, bactericidal and anti-inflammatory properties in the mallowplantwhich can treatdiseasesthatincludeboils,wounds, blackheads andzits. Published Mar 3, 2023. If you suffer from sleep disorders and find it difficult to fall asleep at night, it is time to go out outdoors and pick some mallow to solve the problem. Large doses, however, can be used as a laxative and in turn cause diarrhea. Benefits of Common Mallow (Malva sylvestris) - Permaculture of good-quality, 2 large handfuls of clean mallow leaves and/or roots. Mallow flowers, seeds and leaves are all used in traditional medicine for a variety of purposes.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'natureword_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_6',123,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-natureword_com-medrectangle-4-0'); Mallow is recognized as an efficient herbal remedy for colds and asthma. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Well share how to identify and use this gentle giant safely and effectively. It has its origins from . Parl., 1873. The Benefits of Hibiscus Flowers. Mallow - A Foraging Guide to Its Food, Medicine and Other Uses - EATWEEDS In traditional medicine, mallow is used to treat kidney stones, kidney inflammation and gallstones. Their deep green foliage hints at a renowned drought tolerance. Malva is a genus of herbaceous annual, biennial, and perennial plants in the family Malvaceae.It is one of several closely related genera in the family to bear the common English name mallow.The genus is widespread throughout the temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Europe.. Lambs Quarters (Chenopodium album) is a favorite wild food because its easy to identify, harvest, and use. I will appreciate your info Mallow leaves are palmately lobed with strong veining, and rise on somewhat fleshy stalks with one leaf per stem. Mallow infusions are said to treat headaches, insomnia and constipation. This post is for general information and is not intended to diagnose or treat any illness. Common Names:Common Mallow, Malva Vulgaris, Marsh Mallow. Mallow is a tall field flower with deep green lobbed leaves and bright pink, purple or lilac wrinkly petals with darker-colored veins. As a natural astringent, anti-inflammatory, and emollient, common mallow plants are used to soothe and soften skin. It makes an outstanding antibacterial, astringent and anti-inflammatory and is thus useful for the treatment of a wide range of medical conditions. The leaves can be steeped in a tea, either consumed or applied topically in the form of poultices for a wide variety of benefits. Apparently, the same mucilaginous substances that promote sore throat healing allow the stomach mucosa and intestinal walls to heal through the same mechanism. Benefits and properties of mallow tea - Thediet MD Many people use cranberry juice as a means of reducing burning sensations, frequency, and urgency in urination and pain in the lower abdomen, but it is far from being the only natural remedy for this problem. tall, common mallow has pink or white hollyhock-like flowers atop long stems covered in circular, wavy-edged leaves. You will soon experience a slimy and tacky feel between your fingers. It can be found on roadside verges, along footpaths and on waste ground. Herbal infusions were drank to promote diuresis and help restore normal kidney function. On a perpetual journey towards the idea of home, he uses words to educate, inspire, uplift and evolve. In some countries hibiscus flowers are used as food and . Marouane W, Soussi A, Murat JC, Bezzine S, El Feki A. This is frustrating pretty much everything in my yard seems to be not recommended for pregnant or nursing mothers. I expect to be nursing for a lot longer, but would really like to try some of these. Common Mallow is an annual, winter annual or biennial plant that grows about 34 feet (0.911.22 m) tall. Those of us who suffer from inflamed gums know that this is a disturbing and recurring phenomenon that affects our quality of life and many people find it difficult to find a permanent solution. To, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window). The flowers, leaves and seeds of the species have a variety of uses. The flower and leaf are used as medicine. Also called cheeses, seeds are brown to brownish green when ripe, about 2.5 millimeters long and wide 5 to 7 millimeters in diameter and are shaped like a cheese wheel. Malva sylvestris - Wikipedia Average rating 4.0 out of 5.0 based on 162 user(s). Mallow will notonly calm irritation, but it will also reduce inflammation throughout the gastrointestinal tract. View abstract. Forrecommendationsfor the recommendedintakein consumingmallowplants ingeneralwe must first examine because if excessively consumed there willalsobethingsthat arenot desirableso therecommendationsof theintakeare: dependingonage,healthand how theingredientsare. The mucilage found in Malva sylvestrisis very valuable for its various medicinal uses, and this flower has been in use since ancient times. View abstract. Common Mallow - Health Benefits and Side Effects - The Herbal Resource Consult a medical practitioner for health problems. XLII. recommendationsintake from thecommonmallow. Images are provided by Shutterstock & our contributors. Other benefits Mallow infusions are said to treat headaches, insomnia and constipation. Mallow seeds are contained in tiny, pod-like fruits that are green when unripe and brown when ripe. Mallow also makes a great addition to soups and smoothies, whereby the mucilage helps to thicken them. Use of home masks and facial creams that contain mallow plant extract are effective for the treatment of premature aging of the skin. Read More Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris) Identification and UseContinue, Back in 2013, I started learning about quackgrass for medicinal and culinary use, and saw mention that it could be used to make quackgrass beer (but never found a recipe). Tincture of the flowers forms a very delicate test for alkalis. Common mallow is a virtual apothecary in one plant. Add to the pot and cook a further 10 minutes. All rights reserved. Cream, yellow and green dyes can be obtained from the plant and the seed heads. Traditional uses are as remedy for asthma, bronchitis, coughing and throat infections. Batt. I love your site. Thanks for this information! COMMON MALLOW: Properties, Uses and Benefits - Freak of Natural Althaea officinalis, the marsh mallow or marshmallow, is a species of flowering plant indigenous to Europe, Western Asia and North Africa, which is used in herbalism and as an ornamental plant.A confection made from the root since ancient Egyptian times evolved into today's marshmallow treat, but most modern marshmallow treats no longer contain any marsh-mallow root. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The Benefits of Blue Malva for Hair | NaturallyCurly.com 6 The immature fruits may be . Common mallow was once highly regarded as a medicinal plant by Native Americans. Creative cooks can substitute mallow for spinach in many dishes, including soups, salads, gnocchi and quiche. It can grow up to 60 cm in height. It can be quite aggressive, so must people are happy to get rid of it. Growing wherever it chooses to, common mallow has many health, beauty, and culinary benefits. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you. Other Name Cheeseweed. mauritiana. Namaste, Hi Common mallow grows from a thick straight taproot. Disclaimer, e-mail: [emailprotected] In traditional medicine, mallow is used to treat kidney stones, kidney inflammation and gallstones. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. Torecognizethecommonmallowplantsthere are several distinctive features that weneedtoknow, namely:thecommonplantstem of themallowiscoveredwithsmallhair andusuallyhas a circularshootshape, toreachonemeterhigh, thecolorof theleavesisdarkgreen, while thecolorof theflowerdependson thespeciesnamely betweenpinkanddarkpurple and thesizeof theflowerreaches2-5 cm, for theshapeof the fruit similar to theringanddividedinto manysmallseeds. Fertile flowers are followed by nutlets strongly reticulate (1012 mericarps, usually without hair, with sharp angle between dorsal and lateral surfaces, 56 mm in diameter. Mohamadi Yarijani Z, Najafi H, Shackebaei D, Madani SH, Modarresi M, Jassemi SV. Turk J Gastroenterol. This is post #31 in the Weekly Weeder series. Malva sylvestris subsp. It is also known as high mallow, common mallow, blue mallow, or hollyhock flower. Common mallow growing in a sidewalk crack. Properties and Benefits of Mallow - NatureWord What is Malva Sylvestris? I figure since Im nursing rather than pregnant, I shouuld be able to see any adverse effects right away and stop eating whatever caused it. The flowers of the blue malva contain a blue pigment that was once used as a natural blue rinse for graying hair before chemicals were commonly used. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. [2], Common mallow is a common and successful plant of disturbed areas. Organic Facts may receive a portion of revenues if you click on the sponsored ads and links by Google, Ezoic, or the Amazon Affiliate program. High Mallow Plant Benefits - Great For Soothing And Reducing Inflammation Sign up for our newsletter. ( 2) 3. Id love to help you out, Naima, but Ive only been to Denver once, and that was passing through the airport. Mallow: Pictures, Flowers, Leaves & Identification | Malva neglecta It boasts incredible soothing properties due to its strong anti-inflammatory action. It has a single taproot, and tolerates mowing and weed whacking. It is generally found in low-maintenance turfgrass lawns, nursery crops, and landscapes. The plant has stout taproot with course branching secondary roots. Because most weeds have not been well studied, except in some cases to extract something that they can market as a drug, must health resource sites will caution avoidance for women who are pregnant or nursing. Applying moisturizing essences or infusions to the skin can contribute greatly to its health and restore its elasticity and strength. Traditional medical practices recommend applying a poultice made from crushed flowers and seeds locally on affected areas in order to reduce itching, redness, swelling and soothe the skin. There are so many nutrients in this common mallow plant that we can make as natural medicines including the following: Tannin Phenolic Acid gluconate acid galacturonic acid Actactose Hamnose Vitamin c Flavonoid anthocyanin malvin glycosides Research also demonstrated the effectiveness of mallow extract in the treatment of sleep disorders compared to the use of a drug similar to valium. . This plant contains a number of active ingredients that impact human health, including an essential oil extract that can have some powerful effects on our body. All rice noodles and rice paper wraps are gluten-free as they are made wholly from rice. The protective effect of Malva sylvestris on rat kidney damaged by vanadium. My feeling is that in small doses most are perfectly safe (unless there are other warnings), however I am not a trained health professional. The fruit are edible fresh, cooked or pickled like capers. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. Terms & conditions Common mallow plants grow from a long, tough taproot that allows them to survive in harsh, dry soil conditions, which many other plants would suffer in. Common mallow root extracts were used to treat tuberculosis and new studies have found it to be an effective treatment for high blood sugar. Due to its high mucilage content, mallows make an excellent soothing demulcent herbs, especially for cases of inflammation, either for the urinary, digestive or respiratory systems. Your email address will not be published. As soon as sap of the leaves start coming out add fried nadir and red dried whole chilies. Anti-aging properties and its use in natural cosmetics. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. The cultivated mallow was also mentioned in Arabic references, such as that of Ibn al-Awwam, a Spanish Arab agriculturalist of the later twelfth century, who cited that this plant is more nutritious and more blood productive than all other vegetables. Common Mallow. The leaves can also be steeped in a tea, the seeds can be eaten, and those leaves that arent afflicted by any rust disease (a common issue for the species) can also be consumed or applied topically for a wide variety of benefits in the form of poultices. + Follow. Cook the root like a potato, or chop and blend to make mallow milk. Flowers were spread on doorways and woven into garlands or chaplets for celebrating May Day. This plant is often found in fields and hedgerows and has a striking purple flower and stands between 3-4ft in height. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'natureword_com-box-4','ezslot_4',102,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-natureword_com-box-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'natureword_com-box-4','ezslot_5',102,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-natureword_com-box-4-0_1'); .box-4-multi-102{border:none !important;display:block !important;float:none !important;line-height:0px;margin-bottom:7px !important;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;margin-top:7px !important;max-width:100% !important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center !important;}Mallow soothes gastritis pain and helps reduce inflammation at the level of the stomach and the rest of the digestive tract. It is also used for stomach and bladder complaints. ambigua (Guss.) Boil a liter of water in a pot and add the mallow, leaving it to cook for about 5 minutes. Where can I find? Carnevali I, La Paglia R, Pauletto L, et al. How does it work? It helps to heal gastritis, ulcers and any gastrointestinal inflammation. It is highly nutritious and is a source of income for farmers. Common mallow plants flower from early spring to mid fall. I havent been able to find information on someone using it, but possibly? For instance, the methanol extract from Malva sylvestris exhibited antibacterial effects on strain E38 of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (E38), which makes it a promising natural remedy for patients suffering from multi-resistant bacterial infections. View abstract. Elsagh M, Fartookzadeh MR, Kamalinejad M, et al. Mericarps (carpels) with wrinkled surface, sharp-toothed, hairlesshairy, 1-seeded, Brown to brownish green when ripe, about 2.5 millimeters long and wide 5 to 7 millimeters in diameter and are shaped like a cheese wheel, Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) 20.1 mg (134.00%), Spermatophytina (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanrogames), Lignoceric acid (tetracosanoic acid) 24:00, Palmitoleic acid 16:1 (hexadecenoic acid), Linoleic acid 18:2 (octadecadienoic acid), Linolenic acid 18:3 (Octadecatrienoic acid). Daily values (DVs) may be different depending upon your daily calorie needs. [7], For those people who feel backed up or unable to properly move their bowels, it can be an uncomfortable feeling. Therapeutic Research Faculty 2020. The entire list of reference links is also provided at the bottom of the article. . Dice the onion; chop tomato, peppers, celery, carrots and potatoes. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of turmeric, mainly due to its compound curcumin, is responsible for weight loss. Malva sylvestris var. In addition to its health, beauty, and culinary uses, common mallow is an important plant for pollinators. The leaves were bruised, then applied to the skin to draw out splinters, thorns, and stingers too. Chop the garlic finely; add to the sauted vegetables when they are looking golden and start smelling cooked. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); POLICY I am happy to report that, yes, quackgrass wine can be made,, Read More Quackgrass Wine Ferment Your Weeds!Continue. Then immediately stopusingifallergies or hypersensitivityoccurs. Mallow Uses, Benefits & Dosage - Drugs.com Herbal Database Serve with croutons, or chopped parsley, or simply on its own. Active ingredients of the plant help to remove mucus from the throat and have a calming effect in addition to their ability to treat asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and other respiratory diseases. Malva neglecta - Wikipedia Additionally, the mallow is considered a laxative plant and is used in a variety of dietary supplements to relax and calm the stomach. Mallow is used for irritation of the mouth and throat, dry cough, and bronchitis. 11. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. It is generally found in low-maintenance turfgrass lawns, nursery crops, and landscapes. The flowers of mallow , fresh or dried , are widely consumed in European countries, even more than the leaves. This is especially true of the seeds, which contain 21% protein and 15.2% fat. If you have been wounded or injured in some way on your skin, you can apply the leaves of Common Mallow in the form of a poultice to the affected area. All parts of the plant are anti-phlogistic, astringent, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, laxative, salve. You can use baking soda, chalk, or dishwashing liquid to loosen the stain before a wash. 2023 Organic Information Services Pvt Ltd. All the information on this website is for education purpose only. Photo Credit: Shutterstock, The impact that topicalMalva sylvestrisuse can have on the body is impressive. Stems are much-branched, erect or trailing on the ground with upturned ends, hairy, 10-60cm (4-24in.) There are thirteen wild food recipes, as well as instructions for herbal healing. Using mallow tea as a mouthwash may be a natural and effective way to treat the health of your oral cavity regularly. She dices the whole plant and steeps it in water for several hours to create a thick liquid vegan egg white substitute. This post was updated on Sunday / December 19th, 2021 at 2:43 PM, Copyright 2014-2022 NatureWord. Treatvarioustypesof chronicdiseasesand minor illnesses. 2.1 How to use High Mallow. Where Does Mallow Grow Best? (2), If you have experienced any insect bites, large bruises, sunburn, or rashes on your skin, a gel or poultice made of Common Mallow can be very effective for reducing inflammation and swelling, while also stimulating more rapid healing. So, being the curious type, I wondered if you could make quackgrass wine. MALLOW - Uses, Side Effects, and More - WebMD It makes a HUGE difference when you share our articles. Attention : A common mistake is to confuse common mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) with white mallow (Sida cordifolia). Refrigerate for longer storage. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Mallow plant is an excellent alternative to treating such problems because it has an anti-inflammatory component that helps in the healing of such infections. We currently have no information for MALLOW overview. Tomoda M, Gonda R, Shimizu N, Yamada H. Plant mucilages. To treat wounds, some people put mallow in a warm moist dressing (poultice) and apply it directly to the skin, or add it to bath water. The leaves were bruised, then applied to the skin to draw out splinters, thorns, and stingers too. <i>Malva sylvestris</i> L. is a kind of mallow derived from Malvaceae species and is recognized as common mallow. Otherwise, keep an eye open for neglected areas that are moist but not wet. Food Chem Toxicol. Find more gardening information on Gardening Know How: Keep up to date with all that's happening in and around the garden. The plant is used to soothe rashes, wounds, burns, insect bites and eczema, since the polysaccharides, which nourish and soothe the skin, are also slightly anesthetic. Terms of Use - Privacy Policy - Disclosure, 2023 Common Sense Home - WordPress Theme by Kadence WP, Lambs Quarters Wild Spinach that Tolerates Hot Weather, Harvesting and Using Dandelion Roots (with Root Tea Recipes), Mullein Plant Benefits and Uses of the Gentle Giant, Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris) Identification and Use, Real Healing Potions Basic Herbal Medicine Preparations. Id suggest asking whoever posted that they found it in Denver on Daves Garden. In Eastern Anatolia, Malva is traditionally used as a potherb and cure for stomach ache, diarrhea, and asthma. Not only can it increase expectoration, which may clear out the respiratory tracts, but it may also soothe the throat and glands due to its anti-inflammatory aspects, while also promoting healing and more rapid recovery. Not only will the chemicals from the leaves might help to speed healing, due to their rich vitamin content, but may also offer certain analgesic properties to the area, reducing pain and discomfort. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586856/, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874104004726, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01383.x/full, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014181301300233X, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037887410700606X, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691510001614, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17691207, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J044v11n03_07, 12 Proven Health Benefits of Apple Cider Vinegar, Hibiscus Tea: Benefits, How to Make & Side Effects, Calamansi Juice: Benefits, Recipe, and Side Effects, Pomelos: Benefits & How To Eat Them (Pummelo). Common Mallow - WeedAlert Mallow roots release thick mucus when boiled in water. Would love your thoughts, please comment. Leaves are dark green, while the flowers are pink with purple darker veins. Malva sylvestris var. Strain and drink, or use topically. Common mallow was also used to treat wounds, toothaches, inflammations, bruises, insect bites or stings, sore throats, and coughs as well as urinary, kidney, or bladder infections. Life cycle: annual or biennial. Common Mallow - Turfgrass Science at Purdue University As a natural diuretic, mallow leaves can assist in increasing urine flow and help to rid excess fluid and salts without reducing potassium levels, a common side effect of many diuretics. Fiber obtained from the stems is useful for cordage, textiles and paper making. Thanks for the Rhubarb Bread recipe, thats now on my list too. When taken internally, it is beneficial for flu, colds, emphysema, asthma, as well as constipation, heartburn, gastritis, ulcers, and diarrhea.
Tricia Brock Director Husband,
Business Enterprise And Entrepreneurship Btec 31463h 2020,
From Milan To Switzerland By Train,
Articles C