C) meteorites and most asteroids most stars are too bright for us to decect a planetary transit. Closest to the sun and consist of Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. D) the asteroid Gaspra. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. B) the Trojan asteroids. In some cases, we have seen extrasolar planets pass in front of their stars. AST 111 Chapter 8 Flashcards | Quizlet B) mass per unit volume. A number of possible mechanisms for this migration have been proposed. For example, there is the problem of tilted axes. What is the origin of the atoms of hydrogen, oxygen, and sodium in the perspiration that exits your body during an astronomy exam? The astronomy course I attended looked at the core collapse model of large planets. B) cools due to condensation. An error occurred trying to load this video. Relate meteor showers to comets; explain why most are annual events. Here is a brief outline of the current theory of the events in the early history of the solar system: A cloud of interstellar gas and/or dust (the "solar nebula") is disturbed and collapses under its own gravity. What are Nebulae? Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. A solid body from the outer solar system that arrives intact on the Earth's surface is called a ________. planets have low eccentricities. An example of a nebula that you are likely to be able to see is in the constellation Orion. faster due to conservation of angular momentum. [63] Mars and Mercury may be regarded as remaining embryos that survived that rivalry. ________ of young, condensing stars. Planetesimals Concept & Theory | What are Planetesimals? astronomy exam study assignment 6 Flashcards | Quizlet [61][65] If giant planets form too early, they can slow or prevent inner planet accretion. B) are highly inclined to the ecliptic. B) they contain pristine material from the solar nebula. D) everything past Mars and the asteroid belt E) where the comet came from. The age of the solar system is determined with ________ dating. In addition, Scottish scientist James Clerk Maxwell (1831 1879) asserted that different rotational velocities between the inner and outer parts of a ring could not allow for condensation of material. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. According to the solar nebula theory, why is the Earth's orbit nearly in the plane of the sun's equator? 15 II, III, IV Accretion is Ch. By Robert Hazen, Ph.D. , George Mason University. C) A comet's tail never points perpendicular to its motion. Due to their higher boiling points, only metals and silicates could exist in solid form closer to the Sun, and these would eventually form the terrestrial planets of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. E) a flattened belt of cometary nuclei just beyond the orbit of Neptune. b. false, Density is defined as: b. a few kilometers in size, and very low in density. a. the direction of the Sun According to the nebular theory, stars form in massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen giant molecular clouds (GMC). [28][31][68] Some combination of the above-mentioned ideas may explain the formation of the cores of gas giant planets such as Jupiter and perhaps even Saturn. A. How many carbon atoms are contained in a 0.400 mole of sucrose ( C12_{12}12H22_{22}22O11_{11}11)? Astronomy 101 Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, GACE Special Education Mathematics & Science (088) Prep, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, SAT Subject Test Literature: Practice and Study Guide, Intro to Excel: Essential Training & Tutorials, Create an account to start this course today. c. only Jupiter [2][19], The last stage of rocky planet formation is the merger stage. [79], Use of the term "accretion disk" for the protoplanetary disk leads to confusion over the planetary accretion process. D) Giotto. Planets with orbital semimajor axes less than 0.1 AU are called ________. IV. The appearance and composition of these meteorites is just what we'd expect if metal and rock condensed and accreted as the nebular theory suggests. E) reverses its direction of rotation. B) a volcanic event. C) The asteroids all have about the same density. [2][21][66] Either method may also lead to the creation of brown dwarfs. D) the asteroid belt. e. the asteroid belt, The Trojan asteroids are found: This method has been useful in star identification, but not in planetary discovery. Learn more about the solar nebula. The planet will probably have a mean density of around 5 g/cm3 II. The second most abundant element in the solar system is ________. [2] It begins when only a small number of planetesimals remains and embryos become massive enough to perturb each other, which causes their orbits to become chaotic. A) will revolve opposite the star's rotation. What is true about solar system densities? While Kuiper Belt bodies are often larger than any asteroid, we think their density will be His Trait de mcanique cleste (Celestial Mechanics), appearing in five volumes between 1798 and 1827, summarized the results obtained by his mathematical, According to the nebular hypothesis, part of an interstellar cloud of dust and gas underwent gravitational collapse to form a primeval solar nebula. So, what this theory is saying is as follows: Originally, there was a rotating cloud of gas that condensed and flattened out like a pancake. Solar Nebular Hypothesis: Definition & Explanation - Study.com The larger terrestrial planets have surface features that tend to be So the transition from the geocentric view and eternal state the way things are evolved with appreciation of dinosaurs and plate tectonics too and then refining the nebular idea the Nice model the Grand Tack model alittle more? So far, beyond the solar system the extrasolar planets found have been mostly: b. large jovians very close to theiri star. During the late 19th century the Kant-Laplace views were criticized by the British physicist James Clerk Maxwell, who showed that, if all the matter contained in the known planets had once been distributed around the Sun in the form of a disk, the shearing forces of differential rotation would have prevented the condensation of individual planets. The resonant orbits of some of the exoplanet systems indicates that some migration occurred in these systems, while the spacing of the orbits in many of the other systems not in resonance indicates that an instability likely occurred in those systems after the dissipation of the gas disk. The solar nebula theory asserts that the solar system was birthed by a monolithic interstellar gas cloud that condensed to form the sun and planets. Eventually, when the sun became luminous enough, the unnecessary dust and gas was blown away into space, leaving the planets around the sun. E) our telescopes are not powerful enough to detect them. E) with the others, between Mars and Jupiter; their red color gives them their name. This explosion made waves in space which squeezed the cloud of gas & dust. The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight - Nebular hypothesis, solar system: Differentiation into inner and outer planets, solar system: The Kant-Laplace nebular hypothesis. E) are spaced more closely together as they get further from the Sun. Gravitational scattering by other planets onto eccentric orbits with a perihelion near the star followed by the circularization of its orbit due to tidal interactions with the star can leave a planet on a close orbit. A) Planetary density increases with increasing distance from the Sun. E) a chunk of space debris that has struck the ground. There are several methods that can be used to aid this observance. According to the nebular theory of solar system formation, which law best explains why the solar nebula spun faster as it shrank in size? [2] Initially it is a slow process, increasing the core masses up to 30MEarth in a few million years. ________ is the only planet with a mean density less than water. The only planet with no atmosphere of consequence is ________. C) Earth's interaction with a comet's dust tail. [80] The clouds of captured hydrogen and helium gas contracted, spun up, flattened, and deposited gas onto the surface of each giant protoplanet, while solid bodies within that disk accreted into the giant planet's regular moons. E) Venus. [19] It starts with planetesimals that undergo runaway growth, followed by the slower oligarchic stage. [73] The orbits of many of these planets and systems of planets differ significantly from the planets in the Solar System. A) Gaspra. The solar wind mass outflow carries angular momentum away from the sun AND the sun's magnetic field drags material out in the solar system, transferring angular momentum outward. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. [16] The proposed solutions include enhanced mass of the diska tenfold increase would suffice;[64] protoplanet migration, which allows the embryo to accrete more planetesimals;[28] and finally accretion enhancement due to gas drag in the gaseous envelopes of the embryos. The first spacecraft to land on the surface of an asteroid was named ocean floor topography can be estimated from space using ________. In addition to revolving around the Sun counter clockwise, most planets also rotate on their axis Streaks of light made when small debris hits our atmosphere are called ________. ecliptic plane and in fairly circular orbits, The ________ is a vast, spherical array of long period comet nuclei far beyond the orbit of The planet will probably have several satellites. C) large jovians very close to their star. a. Saturn a. true 9) The Kuiper Belt is found where in the solar system? D) faster due to conservation of angular momentum. B) most extrasolar systems are not seen edge-on. Cometary dust tails lag behind the bluish ion tails as the comet rounds the Sun. Meteoroids are significantly smaller than asteroids. A) Venus B) Jupiter C) Saturn D) the Earth E) Uranus. b.tensional forces c.shearing forces E) short period comets. Due to compression, the center of the nebula heats up and begins to glow. D) should be extremely rare. B) only Jupiter D) Kuiper Belt Objects B) noting the drop in the star's light as the planet transits its disk. By this time we would no longer have a disorganized heap of gas and dust and would have a discoid structure with a thickening in the center. B) an irregularly shaped body, mostly found orbiting between Mars and Jupiter. The Trojan asteroids are found B) jovian satellites Omissions? Noting the doppler shifts of the star as the planet orbits. The planet will probably have a composition that is mostly hydrogen and helium. 38) The jovian planets A meteorite is [64] Hypotheses do not predict a merger stage, due to the low probability of collisions between planetary embryos in the outer part of planetary systems. [61] Such a region will eventually evolve into an asteroid belt, which is a full analog of the asteroid belt in the Solar System, located from 2 to 4AU from the Sun.[61][65]. The theory was proposed by French mathematician Pierre Simon Laplace . D) Vesta. Moon Formation Theories & Overview | What is the Capture Theory? The Manicouagan reservoir near Quebec is an example of If they form near the end of the oligarchic stage, as is thought to have happened in the Solar System, they will influence the merges of planetary embryos, making them more violent. Omissions? bodies found beyond Neptune. B) an icy body with a long tail extending from it. E) a broken up cometary nucleus. B) closer on average to the Sun than is the Earth. B) the jovian planets are made only of ice, and the terrestrials only of rock. According to the nebular theory, how did the solar system form? c. with the others, between Mars and Jupiter; their red colour gives them their name The nebular hypothesis has thus become the prevailing theory of the origin of the solar system. He assumed that the mutual gravitational attractions of the particles caused them to start moving and colliding, at which point chemical forces kept them bonded together. E) are in random orbits at all inclinations to the ecliptic. According to the Solar Nebula theory, planets: a. should be a common result of star fomration, b. spins faster due to conservation of angular momentum. Objections to the collision theory more convincing than those against the nebular hypothesis were raised, however, especially as the latter was modified in the 1940s. Since time immemorial, humans have been searching for the answer of how the Universe came to be. D) beyond Neptune, with orbits similar to Pluto's. III. E) moving away from the Sun. These stars have powerful solar winds. the Frost Line). C) mass times weight. a. NCl3\mathrm{NCl}_3NCl3 [20], The formation of giant planets is an outstanding problem in the planetary sciences. The planet will probably have a radius of around five to 10 times greater than Earth's. III. September 25, 2019.

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