Explain your answer. Starr Roxanne Hiltz, An executive consultant based in North America wrote, It comes down to motivation: There is no market for the truth. If a news story reaffirms what we already believe, its credible but if it rails against our beliefs, its fake. and subscription providers will have a vested interest in culling down false narratives; 2) Algorithms that filter news will learn to discern the quality of a news item and not just tailor to virality or political leaning., In order to reduce the spread of fake news, we must deincentivize it financially. High conflict. But the overarching and competing themes were clear: Those who do not think things will improve felt that humans mostly shape technology advances to their own, not-fully-noble purposes and that bad actors with bad motives will thwart the best efforts of technology innovators to remedy todays problems. Children's Internet Protection Act ", SafeKids.com: Digital Citizenship, Online Safety, and Civility. Synthesis Report: Test and benchmark of products and services to voluntarily filter Internet content for children between 6 and 16 years, Internet Filtering Software Tests: Barracuda, CyberPatrol, FilterGate, & WebSense, The Effectiveness of Internet Content Filters, Internet filtering companies with religious affiliations in the context of Indiana public libraries, Filtering Software: The Religious Connection, Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers, and industry, Championing Internet Access for Students on Banned Websites Awareness Day. A number of these respondents said information platform corporations such as Google and Facebook will begin to efficiently police the environment through various technological enhancements. This section features responses by several of the top analysts who participated in this canvassing. D) A majority of incongruent items leading to a decreased Stroop effect. Which of the following would result in the fastest visual search time amongst an array consisting of green and red B's and green, blue, and red D's? Which of the following would provide evidence against Broadbent's theory of attention? Cold-Start Problem in Recommender Systems and its Mitigation Techniques A) Inhibition of return promotes an individual attending to new and unsearched locations, thereby resulting in a more efficient visual search. The information environment will NOT improve In the next 10 years, on balance, the information environment will NOT BE improved by changes designed to reduce the spread of lies and other misinformation online. . Question 10 2 pts Which one of the following statements is accurate about the Sorting and Filtering in Excel? We will learn and develop strategies to deal with problems like fake news., There is a long record of innovation taking place to solve problems. I believe the outrage resulting from recent events will, on balance, lead to a net improvement, but viewed with hindsight, the improvement may be viewed as inadequate. That type of situation will continue. Explain your answer. Such an effort, some said, might prepare more people to be wise in what they view/read/believe and possibly even serve to upgrade the overall social norms of information sharing. Lastly, the incentives are all wrong. Technology is reducing opportunities for such interactions and disrupting human discourse, while giving the feeling that we are communicating more than ever.. According to Cherry's work on auditory attention, which of the following would NOT help to distinguish target sounds from background noise? The digital environment offers opportunities for accessing, creating, and sharing information. We cant machine-learn our way out of this disaster, which is actually a perfect storm of poor civics knowledge and poor information literacy. content filtering (information filtering): On the Internet, content filtering (also known as information filtering ) is the use of a program to screen and exclude from access or availability Web pages or e-mail that is deemed objectionable. Content filters are unreliable because computer code and algorithms are still unable to adequately interpret, assess, and categorize the complexities of human communication, whether expressed in text or in image. In a spatial cueing paradigm, the target appears shortly after the cue, and equally often in both cued and uncued locations at random on the left and right sides. Which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate? These are the bedrock institutions much of the public has relied upon for objective, verified, reliable information information undergirded by ethical standards and a general goal of serving the common good. People will continue to cosset their own cognitive biases.. "Peacefire.org was created in August 1996 to represent the interests of people under 18 in the debate over freedom of speech on the Internet. Broken as it might be, the internet is still capable of routing around damage., Marina Gorbis, executive director of the Institute for the Future, predicted, Its not going to be better or worse but very different. for Library Service to Children (ALSC), Assn. The current [information] models are driven by clickbait, and that is not the foundation of a sustainable economic model., Stephen Downes, researcher with the National Research Council of Canada, wrote, Things will not improve. C) It assumes unattended information is completely filtered out, with no further processing. Filtering can be applied to rows but not columns. the situation: OMG, I h8 my prof. In this scenario, what part of the communication process does the voicemail, If students try to go online to view the syllabus and the universitys computer system keeps shutting down on them. This is a wake-up call to the news industry, policy makers and journalists to refine the system of news production., Maja Vujovic, senior copywriter for the Comtrade Group, predicted, The information environment will be increasingly perceived as a public good, making its reliability a universal need. We also need to move away from clickbaity-like articles, and not algorithmically rely on popularity but on information., An engineer based in North America replied, The future will attach credibility to the source of any information. She wrote: Its encouraging to see some of the big platforms beginning to deploy internet solutions to some of the issues around online extremism, violence and fake news. Brief on Recommender Systems. Different types of recommendation | by ONIs mission is to identify and document Internet filtering and surveillance, and to promote and inform wider public dialogues about such practices". The competition will complicate and intensify the search for veracity. We adopt most likely scenarios for events of which we do not have detailed knowledge, and so on. Emmanuel Edet, head of legal services at the National Information Technology Development Agency of Nigeria, observed, The information environment will improve but at a cost to privacy., Bill Woodcock, executive director of the Packet Clearing House, wrote, Theres a fundamental conflict between anonymity and control of public speech, and the countries that dont value anonymous speech domestically are still free to weaponize it internationally, whereas the countries that do value anonymous speech must make it available to all, [or] else fail to uphold their own principle., James LaRue, director of the Office for Intellectual Freedom of the American Library Association, commented, Information systems incentivize getting attention. Weve known since the ancient Greeks and Romans that people are easily persuaded by rhetoric; that hasnt changed much in two thousand years. Filtering enables people to get the most accurate picture of a situation. By June Pinnell-Stevens published in American Libraries, Do You See What I See? B) The words themselves cannot be ignored. Among educated people, we have learned mechanisms for coping with complexity. Filtering is communicating only some of the available information in order to manage the listener's reactions . Like email spam, this problem can never entirely be eliminated, but it can be managed., Sandro Hawke, technical staff at the World Wide Web Consortium, predicted, Things are going to get worse before they get better, but humans have the basic tools to solve this problem, so chances are good that we will. Chicago, IL:American Libraries Live. It is profitable to do so, profit made by creating an article that causes enough outrage that advertising money will follow. Attention Flashcards | Quizlet Two rows in the cell range can be filtered independently. High conflict. which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate? A) A black D. Knox, published in the International Journal of Communication, Internet Filtering Technology and Aversive Online Experiences in Adolescents (2017) Sorting can be applied to columns but not rows. Which of the following statements about visual search tasks is most correct? We are too polarized. a.c.to understand why people do what they do b.d.to identify how to motivate employees. When I analyzed the two samples, I found similar SQL statements. Center for Democracy and Technology, Internet Filtering and Adolescent Exposure to Online Sexual Material(2018) DECENT is an early example. And an anonymous respondent from Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society said, They will be cryptographically verified, with concepts., But others were less confident that blockchain will work. kindly thumbs up for the solution. Those who want to make sure they are getting a multiplicity of sources to see the range of inputs, and to sort through various types of inputs, will be able to do so, but I also expect that those who want to be in the game of influencing perceptions of reality and changing the perceptions of reality will also have ample means to do so. Which of the following statements about filter models of attention is most correct? C) Information with semantic relevance receives further processing even if not directly attended to. Which of the following correctly outlines the type of processing and effect on target detection? It is also human nature to come together and fix problems: The hopeful experts in this canvassing took the view that people have always adapted to change and that this current wave of challenges will also be overcome. They expressed faith in the inventiveness of these organizations and suggested the people of these companies will implement technology to embed moral and ethical thinking in the structure and business practices of their platforms, enabling the screening of content while still protecting rights such as free speech. C) Single filter model Featured Speakers: Doug Archer, Bob Bocher, Deborah Caldwell-Stone, Jamie LaRue, Michael Robinson A professor at MIT observed, I see this as problem with a socioeconomic cure: Greater equity and justice will achieve much more than a bot war over facts. In fact, a share of the respondents predicted that the online information environment will not improve in the next decade because any requirement for authenticated identities would take away the publics highly valued free-speech rights and allow major powers to control the information environment. O Sorting can be applied to rows but not columns. (See About this canvassing of experts for details about this sample.) B) Contextual features associated with particular stimuli or experiences help us predict outcomes when we encounter such cues in the future. exam 2 possibly Flashcards | Chegg.com In summer 2017, Pew Research Center and Elon Universitys Imagining the Internet Center conducted a large canvassing of technologists, scholars, practitioners, strategic thinkers and others, asking them to react to this framing of the issue: The rise of fake news and the proliferation of doctored narratives that are spread by humans and bots online are challenging publishers and platforms. Most of the respondents who gave hopeful answers about the future of truth online said they believe technology will be implemented to improve the information environment. Americans worry about that: A Pew Research Centerstudy conducted just after the 2016 election found 64% of adults believe fake news stories cause a great deal of confusion and 23% said they had shared fabricated political stories themselves sometimes by mistake and sometimes intentionally. A professor at a major U.S. university replied, Surveillance technologies and financial incentives will generate greater surveillance. A retired university professor predicted, Increased censorship and mass surveillance will tend to create official truths in various parts of the world. Still, the more hopeful among these experts argue that progress is inevitable as people and organizations find coping mechanisms. ), Deloitte Risk Services, Synthesis Report: Test and benchmark of products and services to voluntarily filter Internet content for children between 6 and 16 years, 2008 (Prepared for the European Union's Safer Internet plus Programme), Internet Filters: A Public Policy Report (2006) C) Triesman proposed that all information is passed through the physical filter, where ratings of importance are made, to the semantic filter to determine what is attended to. By Theresa Chmara published in AASL's Knowledge Quest, Internet Filtering (2010) He is so mean and I can't w8 2 get outta there. Sally's father calls her, noticeably upset because he has not understood the text and thinks she is in trouble. They will only continue the centralization of power in a small number of companies that control the flow of information.. Participation will decline as more and more citizens become unwilling/unable to figure out which information sources are reliable., The crisis we face about truth and reliable facts is predicated less on the ability to get people to believe the *wrong* thing as it is on the ability to get people to *doubt* the right thing. Answer: C B) Dual filter model Theres no technical solution for designing a system that prevents people from asserting that Obama is a Muslim but allows them to assert that Jesus loves you., Amy Webb, author and founder of the Future Today Institute, wrote, In an era of social, democratized media, weve adopted a strange attitude. An anonymous business leader argued, It is too easy to create fake facts, too labor-intensive to check and too easy to fool checking algorithms. And this response of an anonymous research scientist based in North America echoed the view of many participants in this canvassing: We will develop technologies to help identify false and distorted information, BUT they wont be good enough., In the arms race between those who want to falsify information and those who want to produce accurate information, the former will always have an advantage. Step 1: Get rid of unwanted observations The first stage in any data cleaning process is to remove the observations (or data points) you don't want. (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. Given that there is freedom of speech, I wonder how the situation can ever improve. To maximize the chances of sending effective communication, it is advisable, People tend to filter downward communication more than upward, Filtering is communicating only some of the available information in order to. It would be wonderful to believe otherwise, and I hope that other commentators will be able to convince me otherwise., James Schlaffer, an assistant professor of economics, commented, Information is curated by people who have taken a step away from the objectivity that was the watchword of journalism. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax To stop that requires high surveillance which means government oversight which has its own incentives not to tell the truth., Tom Valovic, contributor to The Technoskeptic magazine and author of Digital Mythologies, said encouraging platforms to exercise algorithmic controls is not optimal. James is experiencing, Jill is angry with Jack because he made a disparaging comment to another male, coworker about women during the team meeting. In the digital realm, attention is currency. B. Filters create fields that describe the remaining data. When faced with novel predatory phenomena, counter-forces emerge to balance or defeat them. But because the internet cannot be regulated free speech will continue to dominate, meaning the information environment will not improve., But another share of respondents said that is precisely why authenticated identities which are already operating in some places, including China will become a larger part of information systems.

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