The Sprague-Dawley rat is ______ to endocrine disrupters than ordinary rats, so studies using them are not reliable. answer choices. e. A cDNA intermediate is required in order to produce a provirus. Choose the following statement that most accurately describes viruses. d. hereditary angioedema b) Viruses can replicate independently of their cellular hosts. e) proviruses. Contrary to the risk probabilities, we are often willing to accept far greater risk than the general threshold ______. The bacterial phage lambda can infect some bacteria and d. Epstein-Barr virus 4. 13-47 Which of the following statements regarding inherited immunodeficiency diseases is correct? b. susceptibility to Neisseria b. This is because the solution on the left side of the figure is hypertonic while the solution on the right side of the figure is hypotonic. c. No; although prokaryotic cells are comparatively less efficient than eukaryotic cells, they are still able to carry out the processes necessary for survival and reproduction. One important way to control the spread of viruses in through answer choices the use of vaccines drinking a lot of tea The standard GNSS-IR model typically considers soil to be a single layer of medium and measures the average SMC between 1 and 10 cm below the soil surface. d. RAG-1 or RAG-2 - caused by a fungus that thrives in cool, moist caves where bats hibernate Tests on living animals are more reliable than other tests. - establish acceptable toxin levels at the highest amount that does not cause measurable effects or as low as technically feasible. Viruses are very diverse. d. pinocytosis. Antiviral drugs that have become useful are usually associated with which of the following properties? a. X-linked agammaglobulinemia: gamma globulin injections c. the ER lumen. 13-48 Individuals with an immunodeficiency affecting B-cell function are more susceptible to infections caused by which of the following pathogens? 2019 Electrotherapy Unit III Ultrasound Quiz.docx They are slippery, heat-resistant, and durable. Capitalism is an economic system that operates under the. - The dose makes the poison. C. Viruses contain organelles while bacteria cells do not. a) The gp120 glycoprotein would no longer be able to bind to the CCR5 receptor. Which of the following statements accurately describes a difference between viruses and bacteria? B.) b) IV Which of the following is/are part of accepted cell theory? Which of the following are true about the effects of exposure to carcinogens? d) Double-stranded RNA viruses b. Exposure to background radiation, like from radon gas - Chronic exposure Outbreaks of health problems that have a psychological rather than a physical basis are referred to as ______. In 1973, the FDA required that cancer-causing compounds must not be present in meat at concentrations that would cause a cancer risk greater than 1 in a million lifetimes. - Mutagens are agents such as chemicals or radiation that damage DNA. Which of the following types of organisms are commonly single-celled (unicellular)? b) Negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses b. a virus-encoded complement receptor True or false: Our bodies often reduce the effects of toxic substances by eliminating them through our breath, sweat, and urine. e. X-linked Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. a) Fasting blood glucose from 120-180 mg/dL b) Fasting blood glucose from 126-140 mg/dL c) Fasting blood glucose from 110-125 mg/dL d) All of the above 7) All of the following drugs are oral hypoglycemic drugs, Except a) Metformin b) Sulphonylureas c) Thiazolidinediones Some antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections kill the bacteria by chemically punching holes in the cell wall of the bacteria, by preventing the bacteria from replicating their DNA, or by many other actions that ultimately cause cell death. a. channel proteins Match the mechanism of eliminating toxins to the body part that is responsible for the action. Response curve representing no response for low doses - Line c. The idea of hormesis, the nonlinear effect of a toxin in which a low dose is ______ and high dose is ______, was misapplied in a 2018 rule proposed by the EPA that suggested a little pollution was beneficial to health. - suggests a "better safe than sorry" approach of social responsibility to protect the public from harm in the face of scientific uncertainty Viruses are much smaller than bacteria cells. NADPH oxidase; produce superoxide radical (O-). c. All living cells have membrane-enclosed organelles. b. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) The pattern of mental and physical defects that can develop in a fetus in association with high levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is called _________________ ______________________ syndrome. Solved Which of the following statements accurately - Chegg Patriot Lite Travel Medical Insurance SM - Addresses the insurance needs of U.S. and non-U.S. citizens who need temporary medical insurance while traveling for business or pleasure anywhere outside of their home country. What can be concluded about policy decisions addressing hazardous and toxic nutrients based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's assessment of relative risks to human welfare? a) enter a replicative cycle that does not kill the host cell. An amoeba, a protozoan that moves by pseudopodia, approaches a smaller protozoan and extends its pseudopodia (extensions of cytoplasm in plasma membrane) around the smaller protozoan. If you already knew that the infectious agent was a prion, select all the treatments that would allow you to distinguish this? Which of the following characterizes Chytridiomycosis? d. - They are both caused by viruses. A.) Factor related to the exposure - Dose and frequency of contact with the chemical This idea is summarized in the statement "the ___________________ makes the poison. d. creates energy by converting ribosomes to proteins. - The mere presence of a toxin is insignificant without considering how much is there, where it is located, how accessible it is, and who is exposed. A healthy individual may be insensitive to doses of toxins dangerous to someone who is ill. B cells; CR2 d. They cause excessive synthesis and release of cytokines. Determine the average shear stress on the wetted perimeter of this channel. b. Haemophilus influenzae d) I, Which of the following characteristics is the largest contributor to determining a virus's host range? Question: You have to implement the following methods on the described scenario. Biology Test 1 Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet d. MHC class I A metal such as lead that is stable, resistant to degradation, and can impair children's health long after exposure and far from where it might have first been used is of concern because of its _______. Some allergens act directly as ______, and the immune system recognizes them as foreign, stimulating the production of specific antibodies. c. global populations; local populations - Acute exposure involves a single contact with a toxic chemical. a. transport proteins The 2015 outbreak of the Zika virus was especially concerning as infected pregnant mothers were having babies with ______. Contrast the methods used by the Greek philosophers and Dalton to study the O The envelope helps protect viruses exposed to heat and/or detergents. a. neuraminidase Comparative Study on Socio-Spatial Structures of the Typical Plain 2 ppm - Large fish a. immune-complex disease d. superantigens Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between the way bacteria cause diseases and the way that viruses cause diseases? In which leaf tissues would you expect to find the highest density of chloroplasts? a. HIV variants convert from macrophage-tropic to lymphocyte-tropic late in infection a) bacteriophages Filter the substance to remove all elements smaller than what can be easily seen under a light microscope. nonspecific activation 2-20% of body's CD8 T cells. Which of the following statements most accurately describes a selectively permeable membrane? Treat the substance with nucleases that destroy all nucleic acids and then determine whether it is still infectious. After returning to your desk, you observe the slide with your microscope and notice that all of the red blood cells (RBCs) do not look like the nice round donut shaped cells in your lab manual. Viruses are typically a piece of genetic material encased in a protein capsule. B. HIV is able to hide from the immune system. e. capsular polysaccharide. Which of the following statements about viruses is false? Answered: Which of the following statements | bartleby Collection, integration, and effective use of clinical data for this purpose presents a variety of specific challenges. no longer just for the wealthy, as they are now becoming common in the developing world. A. Match each type of substance to its characteristic. Lead was banned from gasoline and paint in the 1970s and health problems associated with its exposure have dropped significantly since then. b) the enzymes carried by the virus kill the host cell immediately, while bacteria maintain life within the . b. X-linked hyper IgM syndrome d. simple diffusion, You are a scientist observing a membrane through which water and some small hydrophobic molecules can freely pass along a concentration gradient from high to low. b. a. a virus-encoded Fc receptor There is evidence that elephants communicate via infrasound, generating rumbling vocalizations as low as 14 Hz that can travel up to 10 km. However, that does not imply that low doses of any toxin is good for health. 13-8 _____ is a strategy used by herpesviruses where replication and the generation of virus-derived peptides are avoided in order to hide from the immune response. a. c. Substances can only pass through the membrane with the help of either active or passive transport proteins. A variety of respiratory diseases in humans can be caused by adenoviruses. d. eukaryotic and animal. Filter the substance to remove all elements smaller than what can be easily seen under a light microscope. Which of the following statements accurately describes the properties of gases? - The chemical industry disputes the need for testing, and industry-funded scientists point to contradictions and uncertainties in published studies. 13-80 Reverse transcriptase is a _____ encoded by _____. The dose-response curve shown here describes which of these ideas? - The chemical agent is not biodegradable and thus is persistent in the environment. d. Chdiak-Higashi syndrome caused by deficiency of CHS1 13-3 A primary immune response against influenza virus produces antibodies that bind to _____. Question 33. b. hydrophilic; hydrophobic; They line up hydrophobic tails facing each other at the center line of the membrane with the hydrophilic heads facing outward, away from the center line of the membrane. 13-7 Genes encoding _____ rearrange in trypanosomes permitting replication and survival of the pathogen until the host produces an antibody response against the altered gene product. Intro to viruses (article) | Viruses | Khan Academy b. hyper IgM syndrome caused by deficiency of CD40 ligand 5. d. Transport proteins, channel proteins, and passive carrier proteins all help increase the selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayer membrane. Chytridiomycosis (or chytrid fungus) is an ecological disease that affects amphibians and is ______. The chemical reaction caused the organophosphates from the detergent to chemically combine with lipids from the oil to form phospholipids with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. 13-56 Bare lymphocyte syndrome leading to a lack of HLA class II molecule expression is due to a defect in _____. Antibiotics cannot kill a virus because viruses are not living cells with cell walls to puncture, nor do they have their own organelles to replicate DNA. B. e. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; HIV. a. a plasma membrane, where the pipe cleaners represent the phospholipid bilayer and the ribbon represents proteins embedded in the membrane. d. There will be no net movement of water because the solutions are isotonic. It is secreted and functions as a monomer but facilitates the dimerization of its receptor. 5. Morbidity refers to _____________, whereas mortality refers to ____________. 13-35 Protective antibodies generated in response to influenza virus bind to _____ of the viral envelope. The water will mostly move from side "A" to side "B" because the water concentration is higher on side "A.". Adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) are the ________ building blocks for DNA; they are organized in different combinations to code for all of the proteins needed to accomplish everything the cell does. For additional recruiting questions, please contact Isaac.Phelps@state.co.us. b. Potential harm to other species or entire ecological systems. Which of the following statements about chronic and acute exposure and effects are correct? d. local populations; global populations. The solution level on the left side of the figure would decrease while the solution level on the right side of the figure would rise. Which of the following groups of people is most likely to have an increased exposure to toxic chemicals because of their job responsibilities? d) viroid Which of the following applies to ecological diseases? c. CD40 ligand; produce GM-CSF d. The RBCs were hypertonic to the saline; this resulted in water osmosing through the RBC plasma membrane mostly into the cells. The majority of the SMC is . - Policy decisions about toxins must address how such materials affect not just humans but also organisms that define and maintain our environment. b. bacteria are living and viruses are non -living . This is because the solution on the left side of the figure is hypertonic while the solution on the right side of the figure is hypotonic. X=111110201X. Viral Reproduction | Biology Quiz - Quizizz The Zika virus is most commonly transmitted by. CD19 CAR antigen engagement mechanisms and affinity tuning b) They can be spread via the plasmodesmata. b. pinocytosis Which of the following statements accurately describes the measles virus? b. C3 13-2 _____ results when a gene affecting the immune system mutates, thereby compromising the body's defense against infection. d. They contain an entire copy of a cell's genetic material. C.) A virus is nonliving because it lacks an organelle that allows movement. e. gp41 and gp120. A factory with an office that controls the information sent to separate rooms for each of the manufacturing and shipping processes would be analogous to 13-19 Which of these characteristics is not true of IFN-? - The chemical agent is water-soluble. On the basis of the experimental data and the gradient-less optimization approach, the modeling strategy and the parameterized equivalent dynamic finite element model are presented. d. the proteasome cannot generate viral peptides for presentation by MHC class I molecules. 13-42 Epstein-Barr virus infects and establishes latency in _____, gaining entry by binding to _____. B) Most of the prophage genes are activated by the product of a particular prophage gene. Asbestos exposure and smoking each increase lung cancer rates 20-fold. 13-23 Which of the following pairs is mismatched? There is nothing that the color change can tell us. II. - Endocrine disrupters may cause reproductive dysfunction in females. Developing radiation sickness after exposure to radiation - Acute effect They cause T cells to divide and differentiate into effector T cells. A. Oxygenated blood is taken to the heart, from the lungs into the left atrium via the pulmonary arteries B. Oxygenated blood is taken to the heart, from the lungs into the right atrium via the pulmonary veins Which one of the following accurately describes the cause:effect relationship of ultrasound? a. CD4 - dramatically reducing frog populations in many areas Quiz 17: Viruses | Quiz+ d. No; eukaryotic organelles are expelled each time the cell divides. c. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase; HIV b. T cells; CD4 c. Bruton's tyrosine kinase - personal ignorance about the hazard a. leukocyte adhesion deficiency Viruses are acellular, obligative parasites that contain a protein coat . d. massive production of IL-2, IFN-, and TNF- Water-soluble types - These substances move widely in the environment and also have ready access to body cells as their solvent is ubiquitous The smooth endoplasmic reticulum Why are animals still used to test toxicity of substances? anti-HIV antibodies are detectable in their blood serum. b. gp120 T-cell-dependent antibody responses; cell-mediated immune responses. Match the examples to chronic or acute effects and exposures. d. superantigen Which of the following statements accurately describes the natural history of a disease? A Pre-Audited Token Launchpad on the Binance Smart Chain (BSC). - Combined effects of exposure to multiple toxins. a. water (H2O) a. the phagosome; inhibition of fusion of the phagosome with the lysosome 13-34 Which of the following explains why Streptococcus pneumoniae can infect an individual recurrently? Neither membrane is selectively permeable or has pores. The function of photosynthesis is to use solar energy to make ATP; the primary function of respiration is to break down ATP to release energy. developing countries where many people cannot afford adequate health care or to live in a healthy environment. The nuclear envelope consists of two concentric phospholipid bilayers while the plasma membrane is only one phospholipid bilayer. Bisphenol A (BPA) - Used to produce plastic-coated items such as linings of cans and bottles, tooth-protecting sealants, and water pipes. d. it made plymouth a royal colony b. They are only capable of reproducing once inside a living host cell Viruses are living cells that are lacking the necessary structures to carry out cellular functions. d) whether the genome of the virus is DNA or RNA, a) the proteins on the viral surface and that of the host cell membrane, Antiviral drugs that have become useful are usually associated with which of the following properties? d. Transport proteins, channel proteins, and passive carrier proteins all help increase the selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayer membrane. The field that specifically deals with the interactions, transformation, fate, and effects of natural and synthetic chemicals in the biosphere, including individual organisms, populations, and whole ecosystems is ______. The nuclear envelope consists of two concentric phospholipid bilayers while the plasma membrane is only one phospholipid bilayer. c. eukaryotic and plant Toluene and formaldehyde from cigarette smoke - Inhalation (respiratory tract) True or false: All species have approximately the same reaction to a specific compound. Which of the following statements accurately describes plant virus infections? Stop drinking alcohol during pregnancy - Reduced risk of fetal alcohol syndrome. a. Streptococcus pneumoniae New York State coalition hepatitis C consensus statement leads to governor's action. Select one: a. e. the initial phase of infection is followed by clinical latency. Which of the following statements is true of chloroplasts? They a View the full answer Transcribed image text: Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between bacteria and viruses? The viral replication cycle can produce dramatic biochemical and structural changes in the host cell, which may cause cell damage. Viral genomes consist of what type of nucleic acid molecules? 6. Which of the following statements accurately describes how viruses reproduce? They face communication difficulties mainly because others, who generally do not know sign language, are unable to communicate with them. The measles virus causes brain and skin infections. Biology Semester 1 Review | Biology Quiz - Quizizz PDF Name: Date: Block: Bacteria & Virus Unit Review - lcps.org Culture the substance by itself on nutritive medium, away from any plant cells. we are exposed to many sources of harm, and it is difficult to separate the effects of different hazards in order to evaluate their risks accurately. Today health agencies calculate DALYs rather than mortality rates as a measure of disease burden because ______. 13-29 Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) describes a condition in which neither _____ nor _____ are functional. (Use one word for your answer.). Steps of Virus Infections. b. Mortality rates are reduced by the administration of antibiotics to affected individuals. e. Janus 3 kinase (Jak3) e. activate : T cells Previous infection with S. pneumoniae wears down the immune system over time. This virus attacks the white blood cells (immune cells) of the human body. What is the most likely reason for the disagreement? Microbes acquire resistance to antibiotics through different processes that include random mutations and ______________ reproduction. b) Vertical transmission is the transfer of DNA from one type of plant virus to another, and horizontal transmission is the exchange of DNA between two plant viruses of the same type. A mutation in the gene encoding the integrase enzyme (the protein that inserts the dsDNA into a host cell's DNA) renders the protein non-functional. One important way to control the spread of viruses is through a. the use of vaccines. All of the answers given. a. impermeable "Approximately 88% of our 2022 revenue came from technology-enabled business solutions. They affect wildlife populations, such as bats and frogs. Solubility is important in determining how a substance travels and is absorbed. A virus has a cell, a nucleus, and does not eat. a. the virus inhibits MHC class I expression ______ is a condition that is associated with drinking during pregnancy that results in a cluster of symptoms including craniofacial abnormalities, developmental delays, behavioral problems, and mental defects, which last throughout a child's life. - Chronic exposure involves continuous or repeated contact with a toxic substance over a long period of time (months or years). a. e. It is secreted and functions as a monomer but facilitates the dimerization of its receptor. Both membranes are selectively permeable and have pores. a. contain genetic material b. can be killed using antibiotics c. have a cell membrane d. have a protein coat a 5. A. HIV is deadly, but doesn't target key cells in the immune system. b. a cell wall. c. They give an animal cell its shape. b. Viruses can reproduce on their own at any time. Toxic substance - These substances damage or kill living organisms because they react with cellular components to disrupt metabolic functions. The following data are taken from measurements on Indian Fork Creek: A=26m2A=26 \mathrm{m}^{2}A=26m2, P = 16 m, and S0=0.02m/62mS_{0}=0.02 \mathrm{m} / 62 \mathrm{m}S0=0.02m/62m. d. phagocytosis. b. Ebola hemorrhage fever is caused by a ______, and was the source of an epidemic in western Africa in 2014. a. the machine that assembles a product Question 1. c. CD28 In assessing the danger of toxic substances, which of these statements are true? e. human immunodeficiency virus. Biomagnification, in the case of a fish-eating osprey, refers to the fact that the ______. Factor related to the organism - Immunological status at the time of exposure to the chemical. c. they are able to form stable dimers with the normal form So, excluding these clients from both years, we would have recorded revenue growth of 7% in 2022.". DDT is deposited in water from agricultural runoff e. B cells; EBNA-1. c) viroids What is the determined cause of colony collapse disorder? Asbestos workers who smoke, however, have a 400-fold increase in cancer rates. 13-14 Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells are poor targets for CD8 T-cell killing because _____. b. A. Gases expand very easily due to a property called compressibility. c. The radish cells were hypertonic to the water in which they were soaking. Exhaling excess carbon dioxide - Lungs a) They can be controlled by the use of antibiotics. Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship Which of the following statements accurately describe the hemoglobin molecule? f. SH2D1A. Which of the following statements explains why, despite these probability calculations, people perceive driving as less risky and are more accepting of the associated risks? The leading reasons for nonrational risk perception include ______. Use unequal arrows to indicate whether reactants or products are favored. d. The cell should gain weight over time because it is isotonic to the beaker environment and water will be drawn into the cell because of the albumin. Mortality rates are reduced by the administration of antibiotics to affected individuals. c. phagocytosis. Which of the following is something bacteria and viruses have in common? This study aims to present a robust numerical model by . e. They induce suppression of the immune response by causing T cells to undergo apoptosis. What does the saying "the dose makes the poison" mean? b. S. pneumoniae is never completely eradicated during an infection and can reactivate if the host is immunocompromised. - Our increasing ability to detect traces of a substance sometimes means that though we can detect it, the level may be too low to cause harm. - the presence of a defense mechanism that prevents the toxin from reaching its target or repairs the damage that the toxin causes a. smooth ER c. lysosome Unit 2 Cells and Viruses Period 4 Quiz - Quizizz - Reduced cancer risk Dose (amount of experience) - Horizontal (x) axis Prokaryotic cells must also carry out respiration but do not have mitochondria. A collection of three American sterling silver vases and a sterling-overlay glass vasevarious makers, 20th centuryComprising a Tiffany & Co. bud vase with 925 sterling hallmark, with 1907-1947 date mark, maker's mark, "19397 5521" marked to interior; an early 20th century Unger bud vase with vine and floral engraving, with sterling hallmark, maker's mark, "09792" marked to . - mortality data fail to capture the impacts of nonfatal outcomes of disease and injury on human well-being. - in the blood of nearly everyone in the United States. c. processing to peptides is not required for T-cell activation b. b. osmosis. (Use only one word per blank.). Rank the stages in biomagnification of DDT, putting the earliest stage on top. The tertiary structure consists of eight beta-strands connected by -helices (known as the globin fold) Hemoglobin is a tetramer composed of two different types of globin subunits, each of which has an O 2 binding site Oil-soluble types - These substances need a carrier molecule to move through the environment, but once they are inside cells they likely accumulate and persist. Dialysis tubing is a selectively permeable membrane that can be filled with a solution to simulate a cell. arXiv:2203.10869v2 [math.AP] 1 Mar 2023 Well-posedness for a diusion-reaction compartmental model simulating the spread of COVID-19 Ferdinando Auricchio( ) c. it gave the pilgrims their own charter. Proton therapy accurately targets very specific locations, which may result in less damage to surrounding . b) enter a replicative cycle that kills the host cell. The hydrophobic tails lined up towards each other with their hydrophilic heads pointing out towards the water; this configuration formed a phospholipid bilayer that pulled into a spherical liposome. Many important cellular functions in eukaryotic cells occur within membrane-enclosed organelles, such as cellular respiration occurring within the mitochondria. I. Explain. Examine the figure below. d. Liposomes form from phospholipid bilayers and provide a barrier between an external environment and an internal environment; this creates an internal environment where specific chemical reactions needed to establish a living cell can occur separately from the external environment. a. Proviruses form immediately after the RNA genome assembles with viral proteins and infectious virions are produced. At its 5 end, the RNA genome has a viral protein (VPg) instead of a 5 cap. a. integrase d. stores water, nutrients, and enzymes. c. innate; acquired immune responses b. MHC class II chain You are a microbiologist working with a species of bacteria that can perform photosynthesis.

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