There is need to assess if G. perpensa has other chemical compounds such as anthocyanins, caffeic acid, ellagitannin, and quercetin that have been isolated from other Gunnera species and related genera [83]. Albizia versicolor is a fairly hardy, large, (in warm areas), beautifully shaped, deciduous tree. McGaw et al. Compound, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)benzo-1,4-quinone 8, showed no activity while 2-methyl-6-(-3-methyl-2-butenyl)benzo-1,4-quinone 7 and 6-hydroxy-8-methyl-2,2-dimethyl-2H-benzopyran 9 showed weak to moderate activity with MIC values of 130 and 37 µg/ml, respectively [27]. It is taken just before going to sleep, to aid in generating spiritual dreams. Health24 and the expert accept no responsibility or liability for any damage or personal harm you may suffer resulting from making use of this content. Biological and pharmacological studies of various extracts and isolated compounds from G. perpensa confirmed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme inhibition, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumour, lactogenic, and uterotonic activities. Similarly, Simelane et al. It is made up of roots of Cyphostemma natalitium (Szyszyl.) [52] determined the anthelmintic efficacy of aqueous leaf extract of G. perpensa against Heterakis gallinarum in village chickens using the modified quantitative McMaster (floatation) technique [69] with distilled water as negative control and mebendazole as positive control. Externally a decoction is used … According to Simelane et al. In addition to this, pyrogallol 14 was effective of all the scavenging and reducing power results [68]. Hi everyone. The unsustainable harvesting of G. perpensa as herbal medicine and destruction of its wetland habitat due to development and agriculture are threatening its continued existence. Ukuphalaza yinto ekade yaqala ukwenziwa futhi angiboni ukuthi iyophela. Gunnera perpensa is an ingredient in many herbal concoctions and prescriptions which have been used to induce or augment labour, postnatal medication, to treat parasitic diseases, urinary complaints, kidney problems, general body pains, sexually transmitted infections, and many other diseases. [66] evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous and methanolic extracts of G. perpensa rhizome using the abdominal constriction, hotplate, formalin, hyperalgesia, and fresh egg albumin-induced inflammation. We are committed to sharing findings related to COVID-19 as quickly as possible. Harvesting of G. perpensa rhizomes and roots means that the whole plant is removed resulting in reductions in the population size of the species. Aqueous extract of G. perpensa initiated contractions in the isolated rat uterus, showed direct smooth muscle activity on the uterus, and potentiated the initial response of the uterus to oxytocin. A. R. Ndhlala, J. F. Finnie, and J. Copyright © 2016 Alfred Maroyi. Many of these formulas or prescriptions are in clinical use, usually prepared as decoctions or infusions, and sold in informal markets, medicinal herbal (muthi) markets, supermarkets, and pharmacies. and G. tinctoria (Molina) Mirb. A large number of the isolated compounds shown in Figure 1 have not been biologically tested; therefore, these compounds must be evaluated biologically in more detail. Results obtained by Nkomo and Kambizi [63] showed G. perpensa to be effective against Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus flavas, and Aspergillus niger with LC50 values ranging from 0.07 to 3.81. Gunnera perpensa was the first species of the genus to be described by Linnaeus in 1767 and exists in Africa from Sudan, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Burundi, Madagascar, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Lesotho, South Africa, and Swaziland [14]. [58] isolated 2-methyl-6-(-3-methyl-2-butenyl)benzo-1,4-quinone 7, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)benzo-1,4-quinone 8, and 6-hydroxy-8-methyl-2,2-dimethyl-2H-benzopyran 9 from dichloromethane extract of the leaves and stems of G. perpensa while rans-phyt-2-enol 13 was isolated from methanol extracts of the aerial parts of the species. The fact that it has cleansing qualities but does not irritate mucous membranes makes it especially useful for a hardened uterus. Propolis is also an excellent wound healer. [27] quantified antifungal activity of crude extracts of stems, roots, and leaves of G. perpensa as well as 2-methyl-6-(-3-methyl-2-butenyl)benzo-1,4-quinone 7, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)benzo-1,4-quinone 8, and 6-hydroxy-8-methyl-2,2-dimethyl-2H-benzopyran 9 against Candida albicans using amphotericin B as control. The authors observed mild splenic siderosis and renal inflammation in the subacute test and therefore G. perpensa is potentially toxic when used consecutively for a long period. Among the 27 species used in Ghana, for example, high impact harvesting of stem wood or root material from only seven species accounted for 88% of chewing sticks used. Gunnera perpensa methanol extract also contained reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH, 3.8 ρm/g), total phenol (248.45 mg/g), and traces of sulfhydryl groups (SH). Hyacinthaceae: Drimia depressa (Baker) Jessop: Moretella: FS: Whole plant: The whole plant is boiled and taken internally as an anthelmintic. This product will ensure good results and confidence in … [27] evaluated the possible toxicity of G. perpensa rhizome extracts using the brine shrimp microwell cytotoxicity bioassay [80]. Ndhlala et al. [52], a species categorized as Least Concern (LC) under the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria version 3.1 [50] can additionally be categorized either as rare, critically rare, or declining. The large, velvety compound leaves and grey-brown bark that becomes rough with age are also attractive features of this tree. Van Staden, “Antibacterial and antifungal activity of traditional medicinal plants used against venereal diseases in South Africa,”, E. Mugomeri, P. Chatanga, T. Raditladi, M. Makara, and C. Tarirai, “Ethnobotanical study and conservation status of local medicinal plants: towards a repository and monograph of herbal medicines in Lesotho,”, E. O. Iwalewa, L. J. McGaw, V. Naidoo, and J. N. Eloff, “Inflammation: the foundation of diseases and disorders. These findings support the use of G. perpensa against bacterial infections, for example, its traditional use against boils [43], endometrtitis [27], gonorrhoea [32], rheumatic fever [22, 24], syphilis [32], ulcers [73], and urinary tract infections [32]. 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