Furthermore, the influence of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity is given by the chain flexibility parameter (dln[]/dT), which gives information about the conformation of the macromolecule chain in solution [62]. 2017 Dec 12;27(1):73-78. doi: 10.1007/s10068-017-0274-0. Although we didnt conduct assay for inflammation, we could not find any inflammation symptoms such as redness, blisters, cracked, and thickening. dextran hydrodynamic Dependence on Concentration. In the case of a poor solvent, a temperature increase causes an increase in entropy and intrinsic viscosity and is favorable for the extended conformation. In order to understand the behavior of this biopolymer in water and to support changes at the M-H parameters with temperature, the hydrodynamic parameters are analyzed (hydrodynamic radius, (RH); Simha number, ((a/b)); Perrin parameter (P); Flory parameter (0); and stiffness chain (dln[]/dT)). 2003;89(2):31120. Journal of Physical Chemistry. 4h after microporation, the sizes of the micropore decreased slightly. Alternatives to animal testing: a review. Chem. SEC of mono-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a wide range of pH, MarkHouwink constants. Microneedles and their applications. Thomas Gutberlet (Lipoteichoic Acid): Statistiques d'influence Molecular weight determination of polysaccharides. The .gov means its official. WebDextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. B 113, 8020-8025. 4, 10, and 20K) was measured using the Transdermal diffusion cell system. Gekko, K. (1971). Mitragotri S. Mechanical disruption of skin barrier for vaccine delivery. Polymers | Free Full-Text | Confinement-Induced Fractionation and The qM-H values given by equation 13, these vary from 0.9993 to 0.9841 for the range between 8.8 to 200kDa in a temperature range of 20 to 40C. Ortega, A.; Garca de la Torre, J. Kam Y, Sacks H, Kaplan KM, Stern M, Levin G. Radio frequency-microchannels for transdermal delivery: characterization of skin recovery and delivery window. The mechanism of the dextran-induced red blood cell Aggregation. The intrinsic viscosity classical theory of random coils at conditions []0 predicts the quotient a0 = d ln[]0/d ln M to decrease from unity to 0.5 as the chain length increases. In our present study, microporated skin permeated insufficient amount of 20K FITC-dextran, suggesting that enhancement of permeability was unsuccessful with macromolecules of more than 20KM.W.. Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. Dilute solution properties and degree of chain branching for dextran. Working with the molecular weights given by the manufacturer and compare them with the molecular weights, calculated from the Mark-Houwink parameters in this work; can be seen that the %RE obtained, see Table 6. Biomaterials Research Webdextran hydrodynamic radius. The increased TEWL values which were proportional to the number of microspores indicate SC disruption and formation of microchannels in the skin. WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). Armstrong, J. K.; Wenby, R. B.; Meiselman, H. J.; Fisher, T. C. (2004). Nair SS. Bahary, W. S.; Hogan, M. P.; Jilani, M.; Aronson, M. P. (1995). These structural differences can significantly affect FITC-dextran delivery due to even after microporation [30]. The solution viscosity () is related to the solvent viscosity (o), resulting in the relative viscosity. Dextrans and their derivatives find an interest in clinical applications, as well as excipients in tablets in the pharmaceutical industry [5]. 2021 Aug;13(4):915-925. doi: 10.1007/s12602-021-09751-1. These hydrodynamic parameters show that these polysaccharides behave as a compact rigid sphere and contract by the increase of temperature (RH decreases) for the Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa. WebHydrodyamic Radius, R H: In addition to the analytic size of a linear (C=1) chain, the end to end distance, R eted or R 0, and the structural size, the radius or gyration, R g, dynamic measurements yield a size called the hydrodynamic radius, R H. Consider a rod particle of length L=10R where R is the radius. The column was eluted with bidestilled water a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, injection 5L, back pressure 200psi. WebDextran 40 Pharmaceutical Quality. The importance of this type of study lies in the analysis of the polysaccharide behavior at industrial processes, the requirements to reduce energy, avoid flow problems and product quality control. H&E stained images were analyzed using Image J software. The biological activity of cationic liposomes in drug delivery and toxicity test in animal models. TEWL measurements were performed before and 30min after microporation. If there are particles in the sample, the incident laser light gets scattered in all directions. Effect of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity and conformation of chitosan in dilute HCl solution. The most widely applied coatings for FDA-approved SPIONs are dextran and carboxydextran. 24h after microporation, the pore sizes reduced from 64.8817.20m (0h) to 48.854.27m (24h), and the pore depths reduced from 83.9120.56m (0h) to 63.9527.61m (24h). Ionic Polymers Based on Dextran: Hydrodynamic Properties in Aqueous Solution and Solvent Mixtures. (1990). Solution properties of branched dextran. ; Ross-Murphy, S.B. The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of individual samples of dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyoxyethylene over a range of molecular weights (1,500 dextran The human skins were from the back or thigh of a 24-year-old woman. Pavlov, G.M. Carbohydrate Polymers, 39, 377-380. It is well tolerated on parenteral infusion by most people but a very low incidence Dextran, Tetramethylrhodamine, 2,000,000 MW, Lysine Drug Deliv Syst. Carbohydrate Polymers, 38, 267-271. Barshtein, G.; Tamir, I.; Yedgar, S. (1998). To overcome these limitations, microporation devices that act as therapeutic vehicles for delivering drug molecules across the skin barriers have been developed. Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. Experimental Review on Intrinsic FITC-dextran molecular weights; 4, 10, and 20kDa molecular weight were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dextran is a branched polysaccharide, composed of -D-glucopyranosyl residues. The Mark-Houwink exponent bears the signature of a three-dimensional configuration of a polymer chain in the solvent environment. The lack of data on the uniformity of intrinsic viscosity measurements in the system water/dextran, highlights the significant influence of the solvent and temperature [74]. TEWL measurements were taken 30min after microporation of the human and pig skin. 2023 Feb 17;12(4):861. doi: 10.3390/foods12040861. Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. Harding, S. E., & Simpkin, N. J. Carbohydrate Polymers 87, 405-410. US20230040324A1 AMINOACRIDINE AND AMINOPYRENE DYES Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Guner, Ali (1999). A sugar cane native dextran as an innovative functional excipient for the development of pharmaceutical tablets. Small Intestinal Permeability and Gut-Transit Time Determined The skin was treated with the RF-based microporation device, inducing micropore ablation through alternating electrical current. Regulating dynamic signaling between hematopoietic stem cells Recent Pat. (2013). Article Hydrodynamic properties, such as the intrinsic viscosity, [], and equilibrium solution properties such as the hydrodynamic radius RH can be combined to construct dimensionless quantities that are universal since they are of being independent of the macromolecular particle size, while they depend more or less sensitively on its shape [51]. 2005;304(1):27486. The Intrinsic Viscosity of Biological Macromolecules. WebThomas Gutberlet works at Jlich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2), Forsch and is well known for Lipoteichoic Acid, Neutron Reflectometry and Neutron Reflectivity. 4K and M.W. Castellanos Gil, E. E.; Iraizoz Colarte, A.; El Ghzaoui, A.; Durand, D.; Delarbre, J.L. Optical properties of dextran in solution and in films. Hi Alan F Rawle sir, Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 6 (molecular weight= 6000) and dextran 70 (molecular weight 70000) Hydrodynamic A lot of research has been devoted to dextrans modification in order to describe special characteristics relevant to specific applications such as surfactants [16], as visible marker [17], polysaccharides-based nanoparticles, covalent crosslinking [18], ionic crosslinking, polyelectrolyte complex, and the self-assembly of hydrophobically modified polysaccharides, and hydrophilic modified polysaccharides [19]. The enhanced permeability through micropores was confirmed by Franz diffusion cell. Journal Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 97, 295-301. ; Tsuchiya, H.M.; Rist, C.E. Pharmaceutical Quality Dextran 40 is available from Pharmacosmos as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as excipient for final formulation, drug product, for medical devices, for production of solutions for injection and infusion and much more. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. For ellipsoids, as studied by Simha, (a/b) is a function of axial ratio. Sci. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. Viscosity, sedimentation, and light-scattering properties of fraction of an acidhydrolyzed dextran. For a given polymer-solvent pair, the theta condition is satisfied at a certain temperature, called the theta () temperature or theta point. These studies were carried out at the Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). eCollection 2015. In the range of working temperatures and molecular weights of dextrans, similar intrinsic viscosity results obtained by other researchers and published here are slight, as shown in tables 1 and 3. Rissmann R, Oudshoorn MHM, Hennink WE, Ponec M, Bouwstra JA. Its Invariancy with Respect to the Cross-Sectional Dimensions of Polymer Chains. WebThe invention relates to novel fluorescent dyes with multiple negatively charged groups in their ionized form which are 9-aminoacridines or 1-aminopyrene shaving of one of the fol Peptide and protein transdermal drug delivery. (2008). Conducting a comparative analysis of the data shown in Table 1 can observer that parameter data Mark-Houwink a, obtained by these authors are very similar to that obtained in this work, which affirms its validity. Crini, G. (2005). Polymolecularity and polydispersity in Molecular weight determinations. The Hydrodynamic Radii of Macromolecules and Their Prausnitz MR, Langer R. Transdermal drug delivery. Epub 2012 May 28. The value of Mv is different from Mn, Mw, and Mz in a polydisperse polymer sample [38, 60, 61, 62]. Dulbeccos Phosphate-Buffered Saline (DPBS) was purchased from Welgene (Gyeongsan, Korea). (2003). 10K, and c M.W. Microporation applications for enhancing drug delivery. 2015;23(3):2239. We offer more than 50 fluorescent and biotinylated dextran conjugates in several molecular weight ranges. (2008). ; van Nostrum, C.F. Challenges for the modern analytical ultracentrifuge analysis of polysaccharides. These studies were again focused on investigating the hydrodynamic properties of the polymer molecules, their hydrodynamic radius in relation to their radius of gyration and the coherence of the simulation results with polymer theory. Treatment of acne scars by fractional bipolar radiofrequency energy. Karmarkar, S.; Garber, R.: Kluza, J.; Koberda, M. (2006). Correspondence to Curvale, R.; Masuelli, M.; Perez Padilla, A. J. Phys. (1998). J. Red blood cell rouleaux formation in dextran solution: dependence on polymer conformation. WebLabeled dextrans are hydrophilic polysaccharides most commonly used in microscopy studies to monitor cell division, track the movement of live cells, and to report the Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. ; Bataille, B. WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. The optical image and histological analysis confirmed that the micropores on the skin were recovered over time. (2013). After the pore closure examination, each sample was stored in a 10% neutral buffered formalin awaiting haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. 2012;87(6):1728. Biophysical Journal, 87, 4259-4270. Eng. PMC Naik A, Kalia YN, Guy RH. After microporation, the TEWL values of the human cadaver skin increased from 11.30.6 to 33.01.0, 10.71.5 to 45.31.5, and 10.70.6 to 61.02.0g/m2/h when the microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times, respectively. Middelkoop E, Bogaerdt AJ, Lamme EN, Hoekstra MJ, Brandsma K, Ulrich MMW. Soc., 21, 1, 78-86. Dextran (DX) is one type of EPS synthesized by LAB in the presence of sucrose (R g), radius of hydrodynamic (R h), polymer conformation parameter ( = R g /R h), intrinsic viscosity ([]), Mark-Houwink coefficient () and branching degree of DXs of RPYs prepared under different conditions. Dynamic light scattering study confirmed the mono-disperse nature of dextran with hydrodynamic radius of 900 nm. The Mark-Houwink parameters indicate the dependence with temperature (T) in the range from 20 to 50C, ie with increasing T a increases and kM-H decreases. (1958). Table 5 shows the data of Mark-Houwink parameters determined in figure 4 from linear regressions with 2 values higher than 0.9797. Determination of polymer structure by Gel Permeation Chromatography. Harding, Stephen E. (2005). dextran Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and molecular size of a native dextran. The analysis of errors using the Solomon-Ciuta method is compared with HM [59]. of different origins. Pathan IB, Setty CM. We will also conduct further studies on the regeneration of human cadaver skin and evaluate the possibilities of clinical trials. The radius of gyration is typically calculated from static scattering measurements, while the hydro-dynamic radius (or equivalent sphere radius) is deter-mined by dynamic light scattering or other diffusion measurements. Anal. The reason for a nonlinear Mark-Houwink relationship is confirmed by the intrinsic viscosity which in contrast with scaling prediction shows no power law behavior. At 20C data "a" value obtained in this work is intermediate to those given by references [1, 37] while the value of kM-H is lower. 2015;32(5):170413. 2011;16(2):518. Learn More. 2008;26(11):12618. Unperturbed dimensions and the theta temperature of dextran in ethylene glycol solutions. Kloster, C.; Bica, C.; Lartigue, C.; Rochas, C.; Samios, D.; Geissler E. (1998). Chem. osmotic pressure or light scattering). Antoniou, E.; Buitrago, C. F.; Tsianou, M.; Alexandridis, P. (2010). In a good solvent, a temperature increase results in an intrinsic viscosity decrease and in a less-extended conformation (RH<), because the entropy value increases with an increase in temperature and it is unfavorable for an extended conformation. Macromolecules, 31, 7712-7716. WebAmines per 70KDa dextran Theeffectofchargerepulsiononthe hydrodynamicradiuscanbeseenwithRh increaseswithchargedensity.Charge repulsioncausesthehydrodynamicradius toincrease.Withincreasingcharge,the dextranprogressivelyunfolded.Evena lowlevelofaminationcausesthepolymer tounfold. 2013;43(4):287303. WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. For a sphere and a random coil 0 the values are 9.23x1023 mol-1 and 2.60x 1023mol-1, respectively. Polysaccharide hydrogels for modified release formulations. Proc of SPIE. The temperature increment can induce a macromolecule compaction (decreases in RH and []), generating by this way, a greater difficult to flowing due at requires an increase of energy consumption (Eavf<). Immediately after formation, the microchannels are filled with interstitial fluid, making them hydrophilic, and a suitable drug delivery system [15]. Herwadkar A, Banga AK. Influence of molecular weight on These modifications include degradation of hemidesmosomes attached to the dermis, degradation of desmosomes linked to adjacent cells, contraction of intracellular tonofilament, and lamellipodia formation. Proc. Intrinsic viscosity determination offers a simple and useful method that requires low cost equipment and yields useful information on soluble macromolecules. Interaction Parameter (); Expansion Factor (); Steric Hindrance Factor (); and Shielding Function F(); for the System PEAOrganic Solvents by Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements. Modelling the endothelial blood-CNS barriers: a method for the International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 23, 135-141. Journal of Chemical Education, 49(8), 577-579. 2.It can be found from the figure that at the start-up stage of the shaft, the hydrodynamic effect (HE) is weak, so the HP is not enough to support the shaft, which Drug deliv. The fast increasing of these polyglucosans for medical, industrial and research purposes motivated a survey of the types obtainable. Gillespie, T.; Hulme, M. A. What is hydrodynamic radius The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. Colloid Polym. There is a formula that used to calculate the radius (in Angstrom) from the molar mass (in g/mol) of dextran, a=0.33*(MM^0.46) where, a and MM are Table1 shows TEWL values measured immediately after the microporation of human and pig skins. The hydrodynamic radius of 2-NBDG glucose was too small to measure. Hydrodynamic pp13-21. The Hydrodynamic Radii of Macromolecules and Their Effect on Red Blood Cell Aggregation. 151-166. In order to confirm the molecular weight the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for standard dextrans is used in a range of molecular weights from 8.8 to 2000kDa and these correspond to the following equation. Bahary, W.S. J Appl Toxicol. Boudry I, Blanck O, Cruz C, Blanck M, Vallet V, Bazire A, Capt A, Josse D, Lallement G. Percutaneous penetration and absorption of parathion using human and pig skin models in vitro and human skin grafted onto nude mouse skin model in vivo. 2013, Article ID 360239, pp. With FITC-dextran 20K, cumulative permeation in the human skin was 2.530.48M, and 3.340.19M in the pig skin, which significantly lower than FITC-dextran 4K. Cumulative amount of FITC-dextran permeated after microporation on the human and pig skin for FITC-dextran M.W.. a M.W. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 27, 795-810. Intrinsic viscosity-molecular weight relationship for chitosan. Food Funct. (2008). Markiertes Dextran wird hufig per Mikroinjektion in die Zellen eingebracht. Intrinsic viscosities of polyelectrolytes in the absence and in the presence of extra salt: Consequences of the stepwise conversion of dextran into a polycation. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. Kirkland, J. J.; Dilks, C. H.; Rementer, S. W. (1992). This universalization of the parameters leads to a higher error ratio in the calculation of the respective molecular weights. Biological skin substitutes for wound cover and closure. Normally, the skin loses very little water loss whereas damaged skin loses more [22]. Microporation techniques for enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents. Drug Discov Today Technol. Conversely, fluorescein sodium was the compound selected to model hydrophilic, low MW drugs. WebThe hydrodynamic radius ( Rh) determined by our Fluidity instruments is the Stokes radius, or the size of a hard spherical particle that diffuses at the same rate as the protein (s) detected. Nordmeier, Eckliard (1993). On the molecular weight distribution of dextran T-500. This is because the macromolecule hydrodynamic radius changes the solution type and temperature via change in their chain exibility. The term f/f0 is sometimes denoted as P, Perrin constant. Article Pure Appl. As well as being able to measure hydrodynamic radius in the Zetasizer (if you have access to one), it's also provided with a calculator that allows Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 38, 2591-2598. Figure1 shows a schematic illustration of transdermal delivery after the application of the microporation device. A long-chain polymer molecule in solution takes on a somewhat kinked or curled shape, intermediate between a tightly curled mass (coil) and a rigid linear configuration. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. Principles of Size Exclusion Chromatography SEC (GFC Colloid and Polymer Science, 286, 1223-1231. As intrinsic viscosity of dextrans decreases with an increase in solution temperature; chain flexibility enhances with an increase in temperature (see Table 4) showing that the intrinsic viscosity of dextran (with different molecular weights Mw from 8.8 to 200kDa) decreases linearly with an temperature increase in solution, but change to high molecular weight to hyperbranched macromolecule. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). ; Dutt, N.V.K. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41, 1260-1267. FITC-derivatives have been used for a variety of biological applications for more than 40 yeras. a Immediately after microporation, b 4h, c 8h, and d 24h (n=5, *: p<0.05). Stenekes, R.J.H. As a consequence of the diversity in their origin, the set of classical universal size independent quantities suffers from shortcomings. Polymers | Free Full-Text | Confinement-Induced Fractionation and Springer Nature. The solutions were prepared in bidestilated water at 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25 % wt. American Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013, 1(3), 60-66. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 72, 871-876. volume24, Articlenumber:22 (2020) RBECs were passaged onto cell culture inserts as described and cultured for a further 714 days in vitro. Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2002). Typically, the hydrodynamic diameter of the micelles is about 100 nm and the critical micelle concentration is about 10 mg/L. Chen Rong Huei; Min Lang Tsai (1998). 2009;6(4):34354. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect.". Dear Sir. Alan F Rawle , Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 4 (molecular weight= 4000) and dextran 10 (molecular weight 10,000)? Th Static and Dynamic Light-Scattering Solution Behavior of Pullulan and Dextran in Comparison. 2022 Feb 22;16(2):1999-2012. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07010. Dextran Theory, Estimation, Experiment, and Data. Determination of the intrinsic viscosity has been the most used measurement in the last 60 years. Use of the single point method is correct because it is based in the Huggins method (HM); owing the HM requiring many viscosity and density measurements (at least four) for each Mw, but Solomon Ciuta method with a single measure is sufficient. After 8h, the micropore became more distorted from the previous circle, suggesting that the micropores were closing. Chromatographic characterization of polymers: Hyphenated and multidimensional techniques. Keywords: FITC dextran; intestinal permeability; transit time. Radiofrequency is a well-known medical technique with expanded application in electrosurgery for laparoscopic medical procedures and in dermatology, for sebaceous glands ablation in acne treatment [12, 13], and treatment of photoaging skin symptoms, including wrinkles and hyperpigmentation [14]. 2. The value of P increases from 1.0272 to 1.2694 (spherical shape with tendency to spheroid for high Mw). For a values from 0-0.5 a rigid sphere is predicted in a ideal solvent, from 0.5-0.8 a random coil in good solvent, and from 0.8-2 a rigid or rod like shape is expected (stiff chain). In this work, we evaluate the maximum radius of macromolecules able to enter into HeLa cells following a plasma treatment using a size exclusion approach with dextran molecules. Chemical penetration enhancers for transdermal drug delivery systems. ; Veldhuis, T.F.J. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. Soc., 16, 3A, 426-433. Fractional thermolysis by bipolar radiofrequency facilitates cutaneous delivery of peptide and siRNA with minor loss of barrier function. Carbohydrate Polymers, 78, 902-907. 2018;1:10915. The explanation for the anomalous values of a and kM-H is because the mixture solute-solvent is highly compatible due a great compaction of biopolymer, from undisturbed state in the absence of interactions, where free energy of mixing less than zero, and emphasize the nature non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran for Mw high to 200kDa. WebFluorescent and biotinylated dextrans are routinely employed to trace neuronal projections. All branched polysaccharide types could be described approximately by the hyperbranching theory. National Library of Medicine Mark-Houwink values confirm that for these conditions dextrans behave as rigid spheres with a tendency at compaction as temperature increases. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. 2013;3(5):3588605. Dextran Specifications: Label (Ex/Em): Fluorescein (494/521) Size: 40,000 MW. Materiaux 1-5. Whiteside PJD, Chininis JA, Schellenberg MW, Qian C, Hunt HK.

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